Toxin Explorer
Search and filter the comprehensive panel of environmental toxins detectable by HRMS analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.
Showing 31 of 31 toxins
Lead (Pb)
Also known as: Plumbum
A cumulative neurotoxic heavy metal with no known safe level of exposure. Lead accumulates intracellularly in PBMCs, making PBMC-based testing far mor…
Mercury (Hg)
Also known as: Methylmercury, Ethylmercury
Exists in multiple forms (elemental, inorganic, organic). Methylmercury, the most toxic form, bioaccumulates in the food chain. PBMCs accumulate methy…
Cadmium (Cd)
A potent nephrotoxin and carcinogen. Cadmium has a biological half-life of 10–30 years in the kidney, making intracellular PBMC measurement a valuable…
Arsenic (As)
Also known as: Inorganic arsenic, Arsenite, Arsenate
A ubiquitous environmental toxin and Group 1 carcinogen. Inorganic arsenic is the most toxic form and is readily taken up by immune cells.…
Aluminum (Al)
Also known as: Aluminium, Al3+
The most abundant metal in the Earth's crust and one of the most pervasive environmental contaminants in modern life. Aluminum is not biologically ess…
Nickel (Ni)
Also known as: Ni2+
A transition metal and classified Group 1 human carcinogen (inhalation). Nickel is a potent contact allergen and immune sensitizer — it is one of the …
Chromium VI (Hexavalent Chromium)
Also known as: Cr(VI), Chromate, Dichromate
Hexavalent chromium is a potent carcinogen and oxidant, distinct from the trivalent form (Cr(III)) which is an essential trace nutrient. Cr(VI) readil…
Manganese (Mn)
Also known as: Mn2+, Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, MMT
An essential trace element that becomes neurotoxic at elevated exposures. Manganese preferentially accumulates in the basal ganglia of the brain, prod…
Organotin Compounds (TBT, TPT)
Also known as: Tributyltin, TBT, Triphenyltin, TPT, Organotin
Organotin compounds, particularly tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT), are among the most potent endocrine disruptors known. TBT is a potent agon…
PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic Acid)
PFASAlso known as: C8, Perfluorooctanoate
A long-chain PFAS compound with a half-life of approximately 3.5 years in humans. PFOA is a potent immunotoxin that disrupts PBMC function, making int…
PFOS (Perfluorooctane Sulfonate)
PFASAlso known as: Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
One of the most studied and regulated PFAS compounds. PFOS is highly persistent and bioaccumulates in blood and tissues. Its immunotoxic effects are w…
Glyphosate
PesticideAlso known as: Roundup, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine
The world's most widely used herbicide. Glyphosate and its primary metabolite AMPA can be detected in PBMCs, providing evidence of systemic absorption…
Organophosphate Pesticides
PesticideAlso known as: OPs, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion, Diazinon
A broad class of acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides. Chronic low-level exposure, detectable in PBMCs, is associated with neurological and immu…
Aflatoxin B1
MycotoxinAlso known as: AFB1
The most potent naturally occurring carcinogen known. Produced by Aspergillus molds on grains and nuts. Aflatoxin B1 is readily taken up by immune cel…
Ochratoxin A
MycotoxinAlso known as: OTA
A nephrotoxic mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium verrucosum. OTA is among the most clinically significant mycotoxins in water…
Trichothecenes (Type A & B)
MycotoxinAlso known as: T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, Deoxynivalenol, DON, Vomitoxin, Diacetoxyscirpenol, DAS
A large family of sesquiterpenoid mycotoxins produced primarily by Stachybotrys chartarum (black mold), Fusarium, and Trichothecium species. Trichothe…
Satratoxins & Macrocyclic Trichothecenes
MycotoxinAlso known as: Satratoxin G, Satratoxin H, Roridin A, Roridin E, Verrucarin A
Macrocyclic trichothecenes produced almost exclusively by Stachybotrys chartarum — the mold most associated with sick building syndrome. Satratoxins a…
Gliotoxin
MycotoxinAlso known as: GT
An epipolythiodioxopiperazine mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus fumigatus — the primary mold responsible for invasive aspergillosis. Gliotoxin is a po…
Zearalenone
MycotoxinAlso known as: ZEN, ZEA, F-2 toxin
A non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species. Zearalenone mimics estrogen with high affinity for estrogen receptors, causing prof…
Citrinin
MycotoxinAlso known as: CTN
A nephrotoxic mycotoxin produced by Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus citricus, and Monascus species. Citrinin frequently co-occurs with Ochratoxin A …
Sterigmatocystin
MycotoxinAlso known as: STE, STG
A polyketide mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus versicolor — one of the most common molds found in water-damaged buildings. Sterigmatocystin is a biosy…
Mycophenolic Acid
MycotoxinAlso known as: MPA
A mycotoxin produced by Penicillium brevicompactum and related species commonly found in water-damaged buildings. Mycophenolic acid is a potent inhibi…
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
Persistent Organic PollutantAlso known as: PCBs, Aroclors
A class of 209 synthetic chlorinated compounds banned in the US in 1979 but still ubiquitous in the environment. PCBs are highly lipophilic and accumu…
Silicone Oligomers & Siloxanes
SiliconeAlso known as: D4, D5, D6, PDMS degradation products
Low-molecular-weight cyclic and linear siloxanes released from silicone implants, personal care products, and industrial sources. PBMC-based testing i…
Microplastics (MPs)
Microplastic / NanoplasticAlso known as: MPs, PET particles, polypropylene fragments, polystyrene beads, polyethylene particles
Plastic particles between 1 micrometer and 5 millimeters in diameter, derived from the fragmentation of larger plastic items or manufactured at small …
Nanoplastics (NPs)
Microplastic / NanoplasticAlso known as: NPs, plastic nanoparticles, polystyrene nanoparticles
Plastic particles smaller than 1 micrometer (1000 nanometers), formed by the continued weathering and fragmentation of microplastics. Nanoplastics rep…
Phthalates & Plasticizers
Microplastic / NanoplasticAlso known as: DEHP, DBP, BBP, DiNP, DINP, Diethyl phthalate
Phthalates are a family of chemical plasticizers added to PVC and other plastics to make them flexible. They are not chemically bound to the plastic m…
Bisphenol A & Analogues (BPA, BPS, BPF)
Microplastic / NanoplasticAlso known as: BPA, BPS, BPF, Bisphenol S, Bisphenol F
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic estrogen and one of the highest-volume industrial chemicals produced globally, used to make polycarbonate plastics an…
Atrazine
PesticideAlso known as: 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine, AAtrex, Gesaprim
Atrazine is the second most widely used herbicide in the United States and one of the most common chemical contaminants of groundwater and surface wat…
Neonicotinoid Insecticides
PesticideAlso known as: Imidacloprid, Clothianidin, Thiamethoxam, Acetamiprid, Dinotefuran
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used class of insecticides in the world, applied as seed coatings, soil drenches, and foliar sprays on virtually al…
Chlorpyrifos
PesticideAlso known as: Dursban, Lorsban, O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate
One of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides in US agriculture, chlorpyrifos was banned for residential use in 2000 following evidence of …